Примеры обыденных знаний
Свойства и части объектов
- Человек имеет не более одной головы, двух рук и двух ног.
- Если у человека нет головы, то он не живой.
- Президент США должен быть живым человеком.
Типичные положения объектов
- Вещь, обычно, находится на горизонтальной поверхности.
- Вещь может находиться на вертикальной поверхности, если вещь прикреплена к поверхности.
- Холодильник, обычно, находится на кухне.
Возможность совершения действий
- Человек может говорить, брать предметы, есть, .... если человек живой и не спит.
- Человек может взять в руку предмет, если вес предмета не превышает 30 кг (неч.число).
- Воробей может летать, если он живой, не спит, имеет два здоровых крыла и его никто не удерживает.
- Человек должен каждый день спать 6-8 часов.
- Вещи и вещества попадают внутрь человека, если он их ест или пьёт.
Причины и следствия
- Если вещь не лежит на поверхности, не прекреплена к поверхности и не удерживается кем-то, то она падает вниз.
- Если вещь падает вниз, то она падает, пока не коснётся горизонтальной поверхности.
- Если человек умирает, то он становится мёртвым.
- Если человек больной, то он может умереть.
- Если яд попадёт внутрь человека, то человек может умереть.
- Если человек не спит несколько дней подряд, то он может умереть.
Временные последовательности
- До своего рождения человек не существует.
- После рождения человек начинает существовать и становится живым.
- Если человек умирает, он становится мёртвым.
- Человек не может сначала умереть, а затем родиться.
- Человек рождается только один раз.
Исторические факты
- Джордж Вашингтон родился 22 февраля 1732 года. Был первым президентом США c 1789 по 1797. Умер 4 марта 1797 года.
Вопросы к системе
- Был ли Джордж Вашингтон президентом в 1790 году?
- Сэм отец Мии. Сейчас Мии 18 лет. Был ли Сэм отцом 20 лет назад?
- Миледи налила яд в бокал с вином. Констанция выпила вино из этого бокала и умерла. Почему умерла Констанция?
Общие понятия
- entity
human can see entity. [thing, object, stuff, group] isa entity.
- thing
thing isa entity; agent can move thing; [shape, volume, weight] attr thing; [table, human] isa thing;
- If a thing is in a some place and does not move, it is in the same place later.
- A thing is usually located on a horizontal surface.
- Things can be attached to other things.
- A thing can be on a vertical surface if attached to that surface.
- If the thing no one holds it falls down until it touches a horizontal surface.
- Some things are made by human.
- human can take small thing with human hand.
- human can push and move big thing.
- human can't move very big thing.
- object
object is an entity; [house, field] isa object;
- Object is usually not moved in space.
- The object may not have a clear shape.
- A human can't take or move an object.
- Usually the objects are larger than a human.
- Some objects are made by human.
- group
group isa entity; [pile, crowd, forest] isa group;
- group is a few non-attached things or objects that form a whole.
- group can change shape if it parts are moved.
- substance
substance is an entity; substance !has shape; [thing, object] has substance; [gas, liquid, solid] isa substance;
- if the substance is divided into parts, they remain substance.
Stuff (вещество)
- if the liquid is divided into parts, each part will be liquid.
- if a tree burns, it turns into coal and ashes.
House (дом)
- house has one or more rooms and door.
- room has floor, ceiling, walls.
- usually room has one or more windows.
- usually room has one or more doors.
- room has one or more doors.
- usually human sleep and eat in house.
- food in the house is usually in the fridge.
- To open the door, you must be near it.
- If the door has a lock and lock, the door is closed, then the door cannot be opened.
- To open the closed lock you need a key.
- Each lock needs its own key.
Human (человек)
- human should have a head.
- usually a human has two legs and two arms.
- human needs food and liquid.
- human eats food and drinks liquid.
- not any liquid can drink human.
- human should not touch fire.
- human must sometimes sleep.
- usually human sleeps once a day for 8 hours.
- if human does not sleep for a few days, he will become sick and die.
- if human is sick, he can die.
- human is born, lives, and then dies.
- human can't be born again.
- human can not die before he is born.
Time (время)
- Sam is Mia's father. Miа is 18 years old. Was Sam the father 20 years ago?
- Yesterday it was raining. Today the sun is shining.
- George Washington was the first president of America. He was born in 1732. He was president from 1789 to 1797. He died in 1799. President must be a living human.
Multi-Layer Dictionary 360
learnthesewordsfirst.comNouns
- thing, something.
- person. child. female. male. parent of. adult. man. woman. god.
- animal. bird. fish. dog. cat. sheep.
- tree. plant. flower.
- head. ear. eye. mouth. nose. hair. arm. hand. leg. foot. bone. blood.
- building. house. room. toilet. floor. school. ground.
- vehicle. car. machine. boat. wheel.
- container. tool. string. radio. clothing. cloth. tube. book. mark. picture of.
- soldier. doctor.
- word. music. game. lesson. story. disease.
- work. money. business. family. plan. chemical.
- police. law. rule. country. government.
- stone. sun. sky, skies.
- gas. solid. liquid. water. air. wood. paper. metal. clay. coal. electricity. atom. light.
- food. salt. milk. bread. grain. seed. fruit. egg. alcohol.
- noun. verb. sentence. question.
- line. circle. square. hole in.
- hour. day. month. year.
- I, me. you. someone. he, him, his. she, her. it, they, them. its, their. your. my. we, us. that.
Verbs
- be. become. have, belong to. contain. hold. connect to.
- move to. go to. fly. fall. carry. lift. sit.
- do to. touch. take. give to. put. pull. push. twist. rub. make.
- feel. see. look at. hear. breathe. eat. drink. taste. sleep. laugh.
- think about. know about. want. can, cannot. need. love. enjoy. fear.
- read. write. draw.
- tell. say to, said about. ask. promise. learn. explain. count.
- work. find. buy. pay. choose. play. win.
- happen to. exist. show.
- try. change. use.
- live. die. grow.
- start. stop.
- dry. damage. hurt. burn. explode. lead.
- cut. hit. press. add. mean. allow. turn.
- cause. decide if. expect. help. control. able. cover. prevent. mix. is like
Adverbs
- big. small. very. many of, much of.
- heavy. easy, easily. hard. fat.
- sweet. sour.
- sound. loud. high. low.
- young. strong. healthy. alive.
- hot. cold.
- white. black. yellow. red. blue. green. brown.
- beautiful. happy. angry. sad.
- quick, quickly. dangerous. important.
- sexual. marry. careful, carefully.
- different. difficult. likely. similar. clean.
- dry.
- flat. sharp. smooth. straight. narrow. wide. thin. tall. long.
...
- length of. distance between. shape of. towards.
- below. inside. above. right. left. on a side of. bottom of. down. on the surface of.
- far from. near to. in a place, someplace.
- between. from. up. on top of. in front of. back of. behind. centre of. round. around. out of. into. through.
- first. amount of. number of. zero of. one of. two of. three of. four of. five of. six of. seven of. eight of. nine of. ten of. hundred of. thousand of. several of. less than. more than. multiply by.
- now. then. after. for some time. in a moment. at a time, before. often. for a long time. for a short time.
- part of. piece of. group of. the body of. name of. colour of. kind of. most of. some of. all of. end of. only. own.
- if. if, then. because of.
- better than. compare with. bad for. good for, well. maybe. true.
- weight of. measure. metre. kilogram.
- yes. no. and. or. a, an. the. but. each of. is the same as,
- not, do not, does not, did not. will. by.
- hello. please. thank. sorry.
- here. this, these. the other, another, else. there is.
- what. who, whom. when. where. why. how. which of.
This thing is like two of the other things. Something happens to Lisa. Lisa does something to Tony with this thing. One part of the body of this person felt very bad. Lisa is in this place. Two of these things are alive. Tony sees many living things.
Phrases
- is a, can, has
- in, on, above, below, left, right, between, attach
- if ... then
- very
- usually, seldom
- begin, end
- later, before
Короткие истории
Короткие истории, тесты.